John Robinson, Ph.D., AgriLife Extension cotton economist, Bryan-College Station, said the latest U.S. Department of Agriculture cotton estimate report, however, likely means prices won’t continue to climb.
Robinson said cotton prices were responding well to the November 2019 Phase 1 trade agreement with China when COVID-19 began wreaking havoc on global markets in February.
COVID-19’s effect on cotton was pretty dramatic, Robinson said. Cotton futures fell more than 20 cents, from 70 cents per pound to 49 cents per pound, from February to April.
“That’s just the fears and uncertainty of pandemic, recessionary fears, because cotton demand always goes down in a recession,” he said. “Cotton represents discretionary spending on wardrobe purchases, but the pandemic added another wrinkle when you had stores physically closed by the shutdowns.”
Textile mill shutdowns in China also made a big impact on the price drop, he said.
In April, the Chinese government began strategically buying bales to add to or replenish their cotton reserves, Robinson said. Chinese reserve buying helped trigger a steady upward price march over the summer.
Robinson said Mother Nature was not ideal for the U.S. cotton crop this year. Drought in West and South Texas followed by multiple tropical storms that struck with varying severity from Texas to Georgia brought into question the projected U.S. crop size.
Tropical storms along the coast were followed by freezing temperatures, sleet and rains in the Texas Plains and Panhandle as harvest got underway, he said.
“It was a tough production year, and there were a lot of questions about yields and quality,” he said.
The bad weather also triggered price speculator buying, which helped cotton’s march back to 70 cents per pound as of Nov. 10, Robinson said.
Crop estimate remains static
Robinson expected U.S. yield estimates could drop as much as 600,000 bales based on weather events throughout cotton-producing states. But the Nov. 11 USDA report maintained the previous estimates of 17 million bales.
Quality could be an issue with this year’s cotton crop due to the storms, he said.
“I suspect this report means there is a lot of low-grade cotton out there and that there will be an oversupply of low-quality cotton,” he said. “You’ve got reports of wind damage, stringing, discoloration, boll rot, but it looks like a lot of acres are being counted rather than marked as a loss.”
Robinson said the projection likely means a 7.2 million-bale surplus carryover from 2020, which translates into high supplies and bearish cotton prices for the foreseeable future. The estimated surplus is the highest since 2007-2008, according to the USDA report.
The election may affect trade but the bigger question for cotton will be U.S. economic recovery, Robinson said. Distribution of an effective COVID vaccination could expedite that recovery.
“To have the November report show no change, that tells me they may be counting bolls and acres that are out there and are not predicting a cut,” he said. “These reports get closer and closer to the real number the later it gets in the season, so this report reinforces the thought that we’ll have heavy supplies and prices aren’t likely to improve much for Texas producers. And even if there is a major production cut late in the year, it still might leave 6.5 million bales of ending stocks, which is not price supportive.”
AgriLife Extension district reporters compiled the following summaries:
Central
More than half of counties reported short soil moisture. The second crop of corn silage was being harvested. Most all peanuts and cotton were harvested. Pecan harvest was underway. There were still a few small grains fields to be planted, but most seed were in the ground and had germinated. Recent moisture and cooler temperatures drastically improved small grains conditions. Winter grasses were also improving. Cattle markets were down, and some producers were planning to hold cattle through the winter in hopes of a price turnaround. Topsoil remained “powder dry” in some areas and winter forage planting remained stalled. The planting window was shrinking for those fields, and dry seeding was not an option due to various potential problems. Producers in drier areas were reporting extremely low to completely dry stock tanks, something not seen for a very long time. Pastures were being grazed down. Cooler night temperatures with each passing cold front over the past couple of weeks is starting to trigger Bermuda grass to go into dormancy.
Panhandle
Northern and central parts of the district reported short to adequate topsoil and subsoil moisture. Southern areas reported very short to short soil moisture levels. Sorghum was being harvested. Cotton conditions were poor to fair. Winter wheat was good to fair in areas with better moisture and poor to fair in drier areas. Warmer, drier weather allowed harvest activities in corn, cotton and grain sorghum to resume. Yields were below average this year due to extremely dry conditions throughout the summer. Recently planted wheat stands were excellent due to recent moisture, but the region remained very dry.
